Ngomhlaka-26 kuJulayi, uHulumeni Wobumbano waseJalimane wamukela inguqulo entsha ye-National Hydrogen Energy Strategy, enethemba lokusheshisa intuthuko yomnotho we-hydrogen waseJalimane ukuze usize ukufeza umgomo wawo wokungathathi hlangothi kwesimo sezulu ka-2045.
IJalimane ifuna ukwandisa ukuthembela kwayo ku-hydrogen njengomthombo wamandla wesikhathi esizayo ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa okuvela emikhakheni yezimboni engcolisa kakhulu njengensimbi namakhemikhali, kanye nokunciphisa ukuthembela kumafutha angcolile angeniswa kwamanye amazwe. Eminyakeni emithathu edlule, ngoJuni 2020, iJalimane yakhipha isu layo likazwelonke lamandla e-hydrogen okokuqala ngqa.
Ithagethi ye-hydrogen eluhlaza iphindwe kabili
Inguqulo entsha yokukhishwa kwesu iyisibuyekezo esengeziwe sesu lokuqala, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo komnotho we-hydrogen, yonke imikhakha izoba nokufinyelela okulinganayo emakethe ye-hydrogen, yonke i-hydrogen enobungani nesimo sezulu iyacatshangelwa, ukwanda okusheshayo kwengqalasizinda ye-hydrogen, ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe Intuthuko eyengeziwe, njll., ukuthuthukisa uhlaka lwesenzo sokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-hydrogen, ezokuthutha, izinhlelo zokusebenza kanye nezimakethe.
I-hydrogen eluhlaza, ekhiqizwa ngemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njengelanga nomoya, iyinsika yezinhlelo zaseJalimane zokuzikhipha kumafutha angaphansi komhlaba esikhathini esizayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nomgomo owaphakanyiswa eminyakeni emithathu edlule, uhulumeni waseJalimane uphindwe kabili umgomo wokukhiqiza i-hydrogen eluhlaza kusu elisha. Isu likhuluma ngokuthi ngo-2030, amandla okukhiqiza i-hydrogen eluhlaza aseJalimane azofinyelela ku-10GW futhi enze izwe libe "isitshalo samandla e-hydrogen". Umhlinzeki ohamba phambili wobuchwepheshe.
Ngokusho kwezibikezelo, ngo-2030, isidingo se-hydrogen saseJalimane sizoba phezulu sifike ku-130 TWh. Lesi sidingo singaba phezulu sifike ku-600 TWh ngo-2045 uma iJalimane izoba nomthelela ongemuhle esimweni sezulu.
Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe umgomo womthamo we-electrolysis wamanzi wasekhaya ukhushulwa ube yi-10GW ngo-2030, u-50% kuya ku-70% wesidingo se-hydrogen saseJalimane usazohlangatshezwa ngokungenisa kwamanye amazwe, futhi lesi silinganiso sizoqhubeka nokwenyuka eminyakeni embalwa ezayo.
Ngenxa yalokho, uhulumeni waseJalimane uthi usebenza isu elihlukile lokungenisa i-hydrogen. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhlelwe ukwakha inethiwekhi yepayipi lamandla e-hydrogen elingamakhilomitha angaba ngu-1,800 eJalimane kusukela ngo-2027 kuya ku-2028 ngokwakhiwa okusha noma ukulungiswa kabusha.
“Ukutshala imali ku-hydrogen kuwukutshala imali ekusaseni lethu, ekuvikelweni kwesimo sezulu, emsebenzini wezobuchwepheshe kanye nasekuvikelekeni kokuhlinzekwa kwamandla,” kusho iPhini likaShansela waseJalimane kanye noNgqongqoshe Wezomnotho uHabeck.
Qhubeka nokusekela i-hydrogen eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Ngaphansi kwesu elibuyekeziwe, uhulumeni waseJalimane ufuna ukusheshisa intuthuko yemakethe ye-hydrogen futhi "aphakamise kakhulu izinga lalo lonke uchungechunge lwenani". Kuze kube manje, uxhaso lukahulumeni lukhawulelwe ku-hydrogen eluhlaza, futhi umgomo usalokhu "ukufinyelela ukutholakala okuthembekile kwe-hydrogen eluhlaza, eqhubekayo eJalimane".
Ngaphezu kwezinyathelo zokusheshisa intuthuko yemakethe ezindaweni eziningana (ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwe-hydrogen eyanele ngo-2030, ukwakha ingqalasizinda ye-hydrogen eqinile kanye nezicelo, ukudala izimo zohlaka ezisebenzayo), izinqumo ezintsha ezifanele ziphathelene nokusekelwa kombuso kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-hydrogen.
Nakuba ukwesekwa okuqondile kwezezimali kwamandla e-hydrogen okuphakanyisiwe kuleli cebo elisha kukhawulelwe ekukhiqizweni kwe-hydrogen eluhlaza, ukusetshenziswa kwe-hydrogen ekhiqizwa ngamafutha emvelo (okuthiwa i-hydrogen eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), okukhishwa kwawo kwe-carbon dioxide kubanjwa futhi kugcinwe, nakho kungathola ukwesekwa kombuso.
Njengoba isu lisho, i-hydrogen enemibala ehlukile kufanele isetshenziswe kuze kube yilapho kune-hydrogen eluhlaza eyanele. Emongweni wengxabano phakathi kweRussia ne-Ukraine kanye nenkinga yamandla, umgomo wokuphepha kokutholakala kwempahla usubaluleke kakhulu.
I-hydrogen ekhiqizwa ngogesi ovuselelekayo ibhekwa njengomuthi wokwelapha imikhakha efana nezimboni ezinkulu kanye nezindiza ezinokukhishwa kwegesi okunamandla kakhulu ekulweni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ibhekwa futhi njengendlela yokuqinisa uhlelo lukagesi ngezitshalo ze-hydrogen njengesipele ngezikhathi zokukhiqizwa okuphansi okuvuselelayo.
Ngaphezu kwempikiswano mayelana nokuthi kufanele yini kusekelwe izinhlobo ezahlukene zokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen, insimu yokusetshenziswa kwamandla e-hydrogen nayo ibilokhu igxile engxoxweni. Isu le-hydrogen elibuyekeziwe lithi ukusetshenziswa kwe-hydrogen ezindaweni ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa akufanele kuvinjelwe.
Kodwa-ke, ukuxhaswa kwezimali kuzwelonke kufanele kugxile ezindaweni lapho ukusetshenziswa kwe-hydrogen "kudingeka khona ngokuphelele noma kungekho okunye". Isu lesizwe laseJalimane lamandla e-hydrogen licabangela amathuba okusetshenziswa kabanzi kwe-hydrogen eluhlaza. Ukugxila kukuxhumanisa kwemikhakha kanye nokuguqulwa kwezimboni, kodwa uhulumeni waseJalimane uphinde asekele ukusetshenziswa kwe-hydrogen emkhakheni wezokuthutha esikhathini esizayo. I-hydrogen eluhlaza inamandla amakhulu embonini, kweminye imikhakha okunzima ukuyisusa njengezindiza kanye nezokuthutha zasolwandle, kanye nanjengesitoko sokudla kwezinqubo zamakhemikhali.
Leli cebo lithi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla nokusheshisa ukwanda kwamandla avuselelekayo kubalulekile ekuhlangabezaneni nemigomo yesimo sezulu saseJalimane. Liphinde lagcizelela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa ngqo kukagesi ovuselelekayo kungcono ezimweni eziningi, njengasezimotweni zikagesi noma kuma-heat pump, ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kwawo okuphansi kokuguqulwa uma kuqhathaniswa nokusebenzisa i-hydrogen.
Ezokuthutha ngomgwaqo, i-hydrogen ingasetshenziswa kuphela ezimotweni zezentengiselwano ezisindayo, kanti ekufudumaleni izosetshenziswa “ezimweni ezingavamile,” kusho uhulumeni waseJalimane.
Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwamasu kubonisa ukuzimisela kanye nesifiso seJalimane sokuthuthukisa amandla e-hydrogen. Isu lisho ngokusobala ukuthi ngo-2030, iJalimane izoba “umhlinzeki omkhulu wobuchwepheshe be-hydrogen” futhi isungule uhlaka lokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yamandla e-hydrogen emazingeni aseYurophu nakwamanye amazwe, njengezinqubo zelayisense, amazinga ahlangene kanye nezinhlelo zokuqinisekisa, njll.
Ochwepheshe bezamandla baseJalimane bathi amandla e-hydrogen aseyingxenye elahlekile yokuguquka kwamandla kwamanje. Akunakunganakwa ukuthi ahlinzeka ngethuba lokuhlanganisa ukuphepha kwamandla, ukungathathi hlangothi kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuncintisana okuthuthukisiwe.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-08-2023
