Njengengxenye ebalulekile yezimoto zikagesi, amabhethri e-lithium-ion azoba nomthelela othile emvelweni ngesikhathi sesigaba sokusetshenziswa. Ukuze kuhlaziywe umthelela ophelele emvelweni, amaphakethe ebhethri e-lithium-ion, aqukethe izinto ezingu-11 ezahlukene, akhethwa njengenhloso yokutadisha. Ngokusebenzisa indlela yokuhlola umjikelezo wokuphila kanye nendlela yesisindo se-entropy ukuze kulinganiswe umthwalo wemvelo, kudalwa uhlelo lokuhlola inkomba olunezinga elihlukahlukene olusekelwe ezicini zebhethri lemvelo.
Intuthuko esheshayo yemboni yezokuthutha1 idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni komnotho kanye nomphakathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, idla nenani elikhulu lamafutha emvelo, okubangela ukungcoliswa okukhulu kwemvelo. Ngokusho kwe-IEA (2019), cishe ingxenye yesithathu yokukhishwa kwe-CO2 emhlabeni wonke kuvela emkhakheni wezokuthutha. Ukuze kuncishiswe isidingo esikhulu samandla kanye nomthwalo wemvelo wemboni yezokuthutha yomhlaba wonke, ukufakwa kukagesi embonini yezokuthutha kubhekwa njengenye yezinyathelo ezibalulekile zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi okungcolisayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezinobungani nemvelo nezisimeme, ikakhulukazi izimoto zikagesi (ama-EV), sekuyindlela ethembisayo embonini yezimoto.
Kusukela kuHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu Lwe-12 (2010-2015), uhulumeni waseShayina unqume ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto zikagesi ukuze kwenziwe ukuhamba kube okuhlanzekile. Kodwa-ke, inkinga enkulu yezomnotho iphoqe amazwe ukuthi abhekane nezinkinga ezifana nenkinga yamandla, ukunyuka kwamanani kaphethiloli, ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi okuphezulu, ukunyuka kwamanani entengo, njll., okuthinte isimo sengqondo somphakathi, ikhono labathengi labantu kanye nokwenza izinqumo zikahulumeni. Ngakho-ke, ukwamukelwa nokwamukelwa okuphansi kwezimoto zikagesi kuvimbela ukwamukelwa kwezimoto zikagesi kusenesikhathi emakethe.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezisebenzisa uphethiloli kuqhubekile nokwehla, futhi umkhuba wokukhula kwenani labanikazi wehla. Ngamanye amazwi, ngokuphoqelelwa kwemithetho kanye nokuvuka kokuqwashisa ngemvelo, ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezivamile zikaphethiloli kushintshe ngokungafani nokuthengiswa kwezimoto zikagesi, futhi izinga lokungena kwezimoto zikagesi likhula ngokushesha. Njengamanje, amabhethri e-lithium-ion (i-LIB) ayisinqumo esingcono kakhulu emkhakheni wezimoto zikagesi ngenxa yesisindo sawo esilula, ukusebenza kahle, ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu kanye nokukhishwa kwamandla aphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhethri e-lithium-ion, njengobuchwepheshe obuyinhloko bezinhlelo zokugcina amabhethri, nawo anamandla amakhulu maqondana nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla okusimeme kanye nokunciphisa okukhulu kokukhishwa kwekhabhoni.
Enkambisweni yokukhushulwa, izimoto zikagesi ngezinye izikhathi zibhekwa njengezimoto ezingenayo igesi, kodwa ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwamabhethri azo kunomthelela omkhulu emvelweni. Ngenxa yalokho, ucwaningo lwamuva nje lugxile kakhulu ezinzuzweni zemvelo zezimoto zikagesi. Kunocwaningo oluningi ngezigaba ezintathu zokukhiqizwa, ukusetshenziswa nokulahla izimoto zikagesi, kwathathwa amabhethri amathathu e-lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM) kanye ne-lithium iron phosphate (LFP) asetshenziswa kakhulu emakethe yezimoto zikagesi zaseShayina njengesifundo sokufunda futhi kwenziwa ukuhlaziywa okukhethekile kwala mabhethri amathathu ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni komjikelezo wokuphila (LCA) kwezigaba zokukhiqizwa, ukusetshenziswa nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwamabhethri okudonsa. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi ibhethri le-lithium iron phosphate lisebenza kangcono emvelweni kunebhethri eli-triple ezimweni ezijwayelekile, kodwa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla esigabeni sokusetshenziswa akukuhle njengebhethri eli-triple, futhi linenani elikhulu lokusebenzisa kabusha.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-10-2023
