Imaphi amandla eMakethe ye-PV yaseNigeria?
Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi iNigeria njengamanje isebenza kuphela i-4GW yamandla afakiwe avela ezikhungweni zokuphehla kwamandla kagesi we-fossil ugesi we-hydropower. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukuze anikeze amandla ngokuphelele abantu baka-200 abayizigidi ezingama-200, izwe lidinga ukufaka cishe ama-30gw okungamandla okuzukulwane.
Ngokusho kokulinganisa yi-International Renational Energy Agency (iRena), ngasekupheleni kuka-2021, umthamo ofakiwe wezinhlelo ze-Photovoltaic ezixhunywe kwigridi eNigeria uzoba ngu-33mw kuphela. Ngenkathi i-Photovoltaince yezwe isuka ku-1.5MWh / M² iye ku-2.2MWhh / M², kungani iNigeria igcwele izinsizakusebenza ze-Photovoltaic Amandla Wezimo Zokungasebenzi kodwa isephoqelelwa ubuphofu bamandla? I-International Renacter Energy Agency (iRena) ilinganisela ukuthi ngama-2050, izindawo zokuphehla kwamandla avuselelekayo amandla angahlangana nama-60% ezidingo zamandla eNigeria.
Njengamanje, ama-70% kagesi waseNigeria anikezwa izitshalo zamandla kaphethiloli we-fossil, ngokuphumula okuningi okuvela kwizikhungo ze-hydroelectric. Izinkampani ezinhlanu ezinkulu ezikhiqizayo zibusa izwe, neNhlangano Yezokuhambisa yaseNigeria, inkampani ye-Sole Subrival, ebhekele ukuthuthukiswa, ukugcinwa kanye nokwanda kwenethiwekhi yokuhambisa izwe.
Inkampani kagesi kagesi yokusabalalisa ibizelwe ngokugcwele, futhi ugesi okhiqizwa ngabakhiqizi uthengiselwa inkampani yokuhweba kagesi yaseNigeria (NBET), umhwebi kagesi wezwe kuphela. Izinkampani zokusabalalisa zithenga ugesi kusuka kuma-generator ngokusayina izivumelwano zokuthenga kwamandla (ama-PPA) futhi azithengisele abathengi ngokunikeza izinkontileka. Lesi sakhiwo siqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhiqiza izinkampani zithola inani eliqinisekisiwe likagesi noma ngabe kwenzekani. Kepha kunezinye izingqinamba ezibalulekile nalokhu ezinomthelela otholwe ukwamukelwa kwama-photovoltaics njengengxenye ye-Nigeria's Energy Mix.
inzuzo ukukhathazeka
INigeria okokuqala kuxoxwa ngezindawo zokuphelelwa amandla ezivuselelekile zamandla ezivuselelekile ngo-2005, lapho izwe sethula "umbono 30 30:30:30". Uhlelo luhlose ukufeza inhloso yokufaka i-32GW yezindawo zokuphehla kwamandla ngo-2030, i-9GW yazo izoqhamuka ezindaweni ezivuselelekayo zamandla, kufaka phakathi i-5GW yezinhlelo ze-Photovoltaic.
Ngemuva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10, abakhiqizi bamandla abazimele be-Photovoltaic basanda kusayina izivumelwano zokuthenga kwamandla nenkampani yaseNigeria Electricity Provation Child (NBET). Uhulumeni waseNigeria wethula imali yokuphakelayo (efanelekile) ukwenza ama-photovoltaics akhange kakhulu kubatshalizimali. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ayikho kulokhu kulawa amaphrojekthi okuqala e-PV asekelwa ngemali ngenxa yokungaqiniseki kwenqubomgomo nokuntuleka kwengqalasizinda yegridi.
Inkinga esemqoka ukuthi uhulumeni wabuyisela imali ekhokhwayo esungulwe ngaphambilini yokunciphisa imali ekhokhwayo yokuphakelayo, ukucaphuna izindleko zemodyuli ye-PV njengesizathu. Kuma-IPP ayi-14 we-PV ezweni, amabili kuphela amukelwe ukuncishiswa kwentela ephakelayo, kanti amanye asho imali ekhokhwayo yokuphakelayo yayiphansi kakhulu ukwamukela.
Inkampani ye-Nigerian Bulk Electricity Comment Company (NBET) futhi idinga isiqinisekiso sobungozi esiyingozi, isivumelwano phakathi kwenkampani njenge-afftaker kanye nesikhungo sezimali. Empeleni, kuyisiqinisekiso sokuhlinzeka ngezimali eziningi zenkampani ye-Nigerian Bulk Electricity Proving Company (NBET) kufanele idinge ukheshi, uhulumeni adingekayo ukuhlinzeka ngezimali. Ngaphandle kwalesi siqinisekiso, ama-IPP we-PV ngeke akwazi ukufeza imali yezezimali. Kepha kuze kube manje uhulumeni wenqabile ukuhlinzeka ngeziqinisekiso, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuthembela emakethe kagesi, futhi ezinye izikhungo zezezimali sezikhishwe manje ukuhlinzeka ngeziqinisekiso.
Ekugcineni, ukuntuleka kwamabomu eMakethe kagesi yaseNigeria nakho kuvela ezinkingeni eziyisisekelo ngegridi, ikakhulukazi ngokuya ngokuthembeka nokuvumelana nezimo. Kungakho ababolekisi abaningi futhi abathuthukisi badinga iziqinisekiso zokuvikela ukutshalwa kwezimali kwabo, kanye nengqalasizinda yegridi yegridi ye-Nigeria ayisebenzi ngokuthembekile.
Izinqubomgomo ezikhethayo zikahulumeni zaseNigeria ze-Photovoltaic Systems neminye imithombo yamandla evuselelekayo ziyisisekelo sempumelelo yokuthuthukiswa kwamandla okuhlanzekile. Isu elilodwa elingabhekwa ukuthi linqanyulwe imakethe ye-Takeover ngokuvumela izinkampani ukuthi zithenge ugesi ngokuqondile kubahlinzeki bakagesi. Lokhu kususa kakhulu isidingo sokulawulwa kwamanani, okwenza labo abangakhathaleli ukukhokha imali ekhokhwayo ngokuqina nokuguquguquka kokwenza kanjalo. Lokhu kususa okuningi kwenkimbinkimbi kuqinisekisa ababolekisi badinga ukuxhasa ngezimali amaphrojekthi futhi bathuthukise ukwenziwa kwemali.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwenziwa ngcono kwengqalasizinda yegridi kanye nokwandisa umthamo wokuhambisa kukhiye, ukuze izinhlelo eziningi ze-PV zingaxhunywa kugridi, ngaleyo ndlela zithuthukise ukuphepha kwamandla. Lapha futhi, amabhange okuthuthukisa ama-portandateral anendima ebalulekile okufanele ayidlale. Izitshalo zamandla kagesi kaphethiloli zithuthukiswe ngempumelelo futhi zaqhubeka zisebenza ngenxa yeziqinisekiso zobungozi ezinikezwe amabhange okuthuthukisa ama-multilateral. Uma lokhu kunganwetshwa emakethe ye-PV evelayo eNigeria, kuzokhulisa ukuthuthukiswa nokwamukelwa kwezinhlelo ze-PV.
Isikhathi sePosi: Aug-18-2023
