Yimaphi amathuba emakethe ye-PV yaseNigeria?
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi iNigeria okwamanje isebenzisa amandla okukhiqiza uphethiloli angama-4GW kuphela avela ezindaweni zokuphehla uphethiloli kanye nezindawo zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukuze kunikezwe amandla ngokugcwele abantu bayo abayizigidi ezingama-200, izwe lidinga ukufaka amandla okukhiqiza angaba ngu-30GW.
Ngokusho kwezilinganiso ze-International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), ekupheleni kuka-2021, amandla afakiwe ezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic ezixhunywe kugridi eNigeria azoba ngu-33MW kuphela. Ngenkathi ukukhanya kwe-photovoltaic ezweni kusuka ku-1.5MWh/m² kuya ku-2.2MWh/m², kungani iNigeria icebile ngezinsizakusebenza zokuphehla ugesi ze-photovoltaic kodwa isavinjelwe ubumpofu bamandla? I-International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) ilinganisela ukuthi ngo-2050, izikhungo zokuphehla ugesi zamandla avuselelekayo zingahlangabezana no-60% wezidingo zamandla zaseNigeria.
Njengamanje, u-70% kagesi waseNigeria uhlinzekwa yizikhungo zikagesi zamafutha, kanti iningi lazo livela ezikhungweni zikagesi zamanzi. Izinkampani ezinhlanu ezinkulu ezikhiqiza ugesi zibusa izwe, kanti iNigeria Transmission Company, okuyiyona kuphela inkampani yokudlulisa ugesi, inesibopho sokuthuthukisa, ukunakekela kanye nokwandisa inethiwekhi yokudlulisa ugesi yezwe.
Inkampani yokusabalalisa ugesi yezwe isizimele ngokuphelele, kanti ugesi okhiqizwa abakhiqizi uthengiswa kwiNigerian Bulk Electricity Trading Company (NBET), okuwukuphela komthengisi kagesi omkhulu ezweni. Izinkampani zokusabalalisa zithenga ugesi kubakhiqizi ngokusayina izivumelwano zokuthenga ugesi (PPAs) bese ziwuthengisela abathengi ngokunikeza izinkontileka. Lesi sakhiwo siqinisekisa ukuthi izinkampani ezikhiqiza ugesi zithola intengo eqinisekisiwe kagesi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenzekani. Kodwa kunezinkinga ezithile eziyisisekelo ngalokhu eziye zathinta nokwamukelwa kwe-photovoltaics njengengxenye yengxube yamandla yaseNigeria.
ukukhathazeka ngenzuzo
INigeria yaqala ukuxoxa ngezikhungo zokuphehla amandla avuselelekayo ezixhunywe kugridi cishe ngo-2005, lapho izwe lethula uhlelo lwe-“Vision 30:30:30”. Lolu hlelo luhlose ukufeza umgomo wokufaka izikhungo zokuphehla amandla ezingama-32GW ngo-2030, ezingama-9GW zazo ezizovela ezikhungweni zokuphehla amandla avuselelekayo, okuhlanganisa nezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic ezingama-5GW.
Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kweyi-10, abakhiqizi bamandla abazimele abayi-14 be-photovoltaic ekugcineni basayine izivumelwano zokuthenga ugesi ne-Nigerian Bulk Electricity Trading Company (NBET). Uhulumeni waseNigeria usuqalise intela yokungenisa (FIT) ukuze wenze i-photovoltaic ikhange kakhulu kubatshalizimali. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ayikho kulezi zinhlelo zokuqala ze-PV ezaxhaswa ngenxa yokungaqiniseki kwenqubomgomo kanye nokuntuleka kwengqalasizinda yegridi.
Inkinga ebalulekile ukuthi uhulumeni ushintshe amanani entengo ayebekwe ngaphambilini ukuze anciphise amanani entengo ye-feed-in, ecaphuna ukwehla kwezindleko ze-PV module njengesizathu. Kuma-PV IPP angu-14 ezweni, amabili kuphela amukele ukwehliswa kwentengo ye-feed-in, kanti amanye athi intengo ye-feed-in yayiphansi kakhulu ukuba ingamukelwa.
I-Nigerian Bulk Electricity Trading Company (NBET) nayo idinga isiqinisekiso sengozi engaphelele, isivumelwano phakathi kwenkampani njengomthengisi kanye nesikhungo sezezimali. Empeleni, kuyisiqinisekiso sokunikeza i-Nigerian Bulk Electricity Trading Company (NBET) imali eyengeziwe uma idinga imali, okudingeka uhulumeni ayinikeze izinhlangano zezezimali. Ngaphandle kwalesi siqinisekiso, ama-PV IPP ngeke akwazi ukufeza ukuxazululwa kwezimali. Kodwa kuze kube manje uhulumeni uye wazibamba ekuhlinzekeni iziqinisekiso, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokungathembi imakethe kagesi, futhi ezinye izikhungo zezezimali manje sezihoxise iziphakamiso zokunikeza iziqinisekiso.
Ekugcineni, ukungathembi kwababolekisi emakethe kagesi yaseNigeria nakho kuvela ezinkingeni eziyisisekelo ngegridi, ikakhulukazi maqondana nokuthembeka nokuguquguquka. Yingakho iningi lababolekisi nabathuthukisi bedinga iziqinisekiso zokuvikela ukutshalwa kwezimali kwabo, futhi iningi lengqalasizinda yegridi yaseNigeria ayisebenzi ngokwethembeka.
Izinqubomgomo zikahulumeni waseNigeria zokukhetha izinhlelo ze-photovoltaic kanye neminye imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo ziyisisekelo sempumelelo yokuthuthukiswa kwamandla ahlanzekile. Isu elilodwa elingacatshangelwa ukuhlukanisa imakethe yokuthenga ngokuvumela izinkampani ukuthi zithenge ugesi ngqo kubaphakeli bakagesi. Lokhu kususa kakhulu isidingo sokulawulwa kwentengo, okuvumela labo abangenandaba nokukhokha iprimiyamu yokuzinza nokuguquguquka ukwenza kanjalo. Lokhu kususa iziqinisekiso eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi ababolekisi abazidingayo ukuze baxhase amaphrojekthi futhi kuthuthukise uketshezi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda yegridi kanye nokwandisa amandla okudlulisa kubalulekile, ukuze izinhlelo ze-PV ezengeziwe zixhunywe kugridi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha kwamandla. Nalapha futhi, amabhange okuthuthukisa amazwe amaningi anendima ebalulekile okufanele ayidlale. Izitshalo zamandla kaphethiloli ezisetshenzisiwe zithuthukiswe ngempumelelo futhi ziyaqhubeka nokusebenza ngenxa yeziqinisekiso zobungozi ezinikezwa amabhange okuthuthukisa amazwe amaningi. Uma lokhu kunganwetshwa emakethe ye-PV ekhulayo eNigeria, kuzokwandisa ukuthuthukiswa nokwamukelwa kwezinhlelo ze-PV.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-18-2023
