Imaphi amathuba emakethe ye-PV yaseNigeria enawo?
Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi iNigeria njengamanje isebenzisa kuphela i-4GW yomthamo ofakiwe ovela ezikhungweni zokuphehla ugesi wezinsalela kanye nezindawo zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi.Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukuze kube namandla ngokugcwele abantu balo abayizigidi ezingu-200, izwe lidinga ukufaka cishe u-30GW womthamo wokukhiqiza.
Ngokwezilinganiso ze-International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), ekupheleni kuka-2021, umthamo ofakiwe wezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic ezixhunywe kugridi eNigeria kuzoba ngu-33MW kuphela.Nakuba i-photovoltaic irradiance yezwe isukela ku-1.5MWh/m² ukuya ku-2.2MWh/m², kungani i-Nigeria inothile ngezinsiza zokuphehla amandla e-photovoltaic kodwa isavinjezelwa ubumpofu bamandla?I-International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) ilinganisela ukuthi ngo-2050, izindawo zokuphehla amandla avuselelekayo zingahlangabezana no-60% wezidingo zamandla zaseNigeria.
Njengamanje, u-70% kagesi waseNigeria uhlinzekwa yizimboni zamandla kagesi wezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi, kanti ezinye eziningi zivela ezindaweni zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi.Izinkampani ezinhlanu ezinkulu ezikhiqizayo ziphethe izwe, neNigeria Transmission Company, okuyiyona nkampani yokusakaza, ebhekele ukuthuthukiswa, ukunakekela kanye nokwandisa inethiwekhi yezwe yokudlulisa.
Inkampani yezwe esabalalisa ugesi isizimele ngokugcwele, kanti ugesi okhiqizwa amajeneretha udayiselwa iNigerian Bulk Electricity Trading Company (NBET), okuwukuphela kwayo umhwebi omkhulu kagesi kuleliya lizwe.Izinkampani ezisabalalisa ugesi zithenga ugesi kumajeneretha ngokusayina izivumelwano zokuthenga amandla (ama-PPA) futhi ziwudayisele abathengi ngokunikeza izinkontileka.Lesi sakhiwo siqinisekisa ukuthi izinkampani ezikhiqiza ugesi zithola inani eliqinisekisiwe likagesi noma ngabe kwenzekani.Kodwa kunezinkinga ezithile ezibalulekile ngalokhu eziphinde zibe nomthelela ekwamukelweni kwama-photovoltaics njengengxenye yengxube yamandla yaseNigeria.
ukukhathazeka ngenzuzo
I-Nigeria yaqala ukuxoxa ngezindawo zokuphehla amandla avuselelekayo axhunywe kugridi ngonyaka ka-2005, lapho izwe lethula uhlelo lwe-“Vision 30:30:30”.Lolu hlelo luhlose ukufeza umgomo wokufaka ama-32GW ezindawo zokuphehla ugesi ngo-2030, i-9GW yayo izovela ezikhungweni zokuphehla amandla avuselelekayo, okuhlanganisa ne-5GW yezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic.
Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwe-10, abakhiqizi bamandla abazimele abangu-14 be-photovoltaic bagcine besayine izivumelwano zokuthenga amandla ne-Nigerian Bulk Electricity Trading Company (NBET).Uhulumeni waseNigeria selokhu wethule intela yokuphakelayo (i-FIT) ukwenza ama-photovoltais ahehe kakhulu kubatshalizimali.Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ayikho kulawa maphrojekthi okuqala e-PV eyaxhaswa ngezimali ngenxa yokungaqiniseki kwenqubomgomo kanye nokuntuleka kwengqalasizinda yegridi.
Udaba olubalulekile ukuthi uhulumeni uhoxise amanani entengo abekwe ngaphambilini ukuze ehlise amanani entengo yokudla, ecaphuna ukwehla kwezindleko zemojula ye-PV njengesizathu.Kuma-IPP angu-14 e-PV ezweni, amabili kuphela amukele ukwehliswa kwentela yokudla, kuyilapho abanye bethi intela yokuphakelayo iphansi kakhulu ukuba ingayamukela.
I-Nigerian Bulk Electricity Trading Company (NBET) nayo idinga isiqinisekiso sobungozi obuyingxenye, isivumelwano phakathi kwenkampani njengomkhiphi kanye nesikhungo sezezimali.Empeleni, kuyisiqinisekiso sokuhlinzeka ngezimali ezengeziwe kwi-Nigerian Bulk Electricity Trading Company (NBET) uma idinga ukheshi, okudingeka uhulumeni alunikeze izinhlangano zezezimali.Ngaphandle kwalesi siqinisekiso, ama-PV IPP ngeke akwazi ukuzuza ukukhokhwa kwezimali.Kodwa kuze kube manje uhulumeni uyekile ukuhlinzeka ngeziqinisekiso, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokungathembeki emakethe kagesi, futhi ezinye izikhungo zezimali manje sezihoxile izithembiso zokunikeza iziqinisekiso.
Ekugcineni, ukungathembeki kwababolekisi emakethe kagesi yaseNigeria nakho kubangelwa izinkinga ezibalulekile ngegridi, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokwethembeka nokuvumelana nezimo.Kungakho iningi lababolekisi nabathuthukisi bedinga iziqinisekiso zokuvikela utshalomali lwabo, futhi ingxenye enkulu yengqalasizinda yegridi yaseNigeria ayisebenzi ngendlela enokwethenjelwa.
Izinqubomgomo ezikhethiwe zikahulumeni waseNigeria zezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic neminye imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo iyisisekelo sempumelelo yokuthuthukiswa kwamandla ahlanzekile.Elinye isu elingabhekwa ukuqaqa imakethe yokuthatha ugesi ngokuvumela izinkampani ukuthi zithenge ugesi ngokuqondile kubahlinzeki bakagesi.Lokhu kususa kakhulu isidingo sokulawulwa kwamanani, okwenza labo abangenandaba nokukhokha iprimiyamu ukuze kube nokuzinza nokuvumelana nezimo ukwenza kanjalo.Lokhu kususa iziqiniseko eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi ezidingwa ababolekisi ukuze baxhase amaphrojekthi futhi kuthuthukisa ukutholakala kwezimali.
Ukwengeza, ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yegridi kanye nokwanda kwamandla okudlulisa kubalulekile, ukuze izinhlelo eziningi ze-PV zixhunywe kugridi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukuvikeleka kwamandla.Nalapha futhi, amabhange okuthuthukisa amazwe amaningi anendima ebalulekile okufanele ayidlale.Izimboni zamandla kaphethiloli wezinto ezimbiwa phansi zenziwe ngempumelelo futhi zaqhubeka nokusebenza ngenxa yeziqinisekiso zobungozi ezihlinzekwa amabhange okuthuthukisa amazwe amaningi.Uma lezi zinganwetshwa emakethe ye-PV esafufusa eNigeria, izokwandisa ukuthuthukiswa nokwamukelwa kwezinhlelo ze-PV.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-18-2023
